A new green fluorimetric micelle complexation approach for reduction of the consumed solvent and quantification of avapritinib in biological fluids.

Avapritinib (AVA) is the first medication authorized by the US-FDA in 2020 for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) that can't be treated by surgery. Cancer is among the most common causes of death worldwide and is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a quick, easy, sensitive, and straightforward fluorimetric approach was used to analyse AVA in pharmaceutical materials and blood plasma (pharmacokinetic). The suggested technique relies on 2% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, pH 4) micellar system augmentation of the fluorescence of the tested drug. The technique demonstrated high relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) at 430 nm after excitation at 340 nm. Concentrations ranging from 20.0-400.0 ng mL-1 with a limit of quantitation of 9.47 ng mL-1 were used to obtain luminescence data for the studied medicine. In addition, the quantum yield of the AVA fluorescence was increased with the gradual addition of a surfactant at a concentration above its critical micellar level. This knowledge has been exploited to enhance the effectiveness of a spectrofluorometric technique for the estimation of AVA in human plasma (98.95 ± 1.22%) and uniformity tests with greenness assessments. The conditions for enhanced fluorescence were optimized and fully validated using US-FDA and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) rules. This innovative strategy was expanded for AVA stability research in human plasma across various circumstances. This approach is an eco-friendly solution compared to traditional testing methods that use hazardous chemicals.

Synthesis of new quaternized chitosan Schiff bases and their N-alkyl derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm retardants in membrane technology.

New quaternized salicylidene chitosan Schiff bases (QSCSBs) and their N-octyl derivatives (OQCs) have been synthesized and characterized, aiming to develop innovative antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents. This research holds immense potential, as these compounds could be utilized as anti-biofouling additives in membrane technology in the future. The synthesis involved the modification of low molecular-weight-chitosan (LMC) through simultaneous Schiff base formation and quaternization processes to create QSCSBs. Subsequently, QSCSBs were catalytically reduced to form quaternized N-benzyl chitosan (QBCs) intermediates, which then underwent nucleophilic substitution reactions affording N-octyl quaternized chitosans (OQCs). Characterization techniques such as elemental, spectral, and microscopic analyses were used to confirm the successful synthesis of these materials. As membrane technology relies on surface charge, QSCSBs and OQCs with large zeta potentials could be used as positively charged additives. Moreover, SEM image revealed the regular distribution of pores and voids across the additives' surfaces raises intriguing questions about their implications for membrane performance. Meanwhile, the superior antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of these materials, particularly QSCSB2 and OQC2, indicate that the utilization of these compounds as anti-biofouling additives in membrane technology could significantly improve the performance and longevity of membranes used in various applications such as water treatment and desalination.

Tandem Chemistry with Janus Mesopores Accelerator for Efficient Aqueous Batteries.

A reliable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the metallic Zn anode is imperative for stable Zn-based aqueous batteries. However, the incompatible Zn-ion reduction processes, scilicet simultaneous adsorption (capture) and desolvation (repulsion) of Zn2+(H2O)6, raise kinetics and stability challenges for the design of SEI. Here, we demonstrate a tandem chemistry strategy to decouple and accelerate the concurrent adsorption and desolvation processes of the Zn2+ cluster at the inner Helmholtz layer. An electrochemically assembled perforative mesopore SiO2 interphase with tandem hydrophilic -OH and hydrophobic -F groups serves as a Janus mesopores accelerator to boost a fast and stable Zn2+ reduction reaction. Combining in situ electrochemical digital holography, molecular dynamics simulations, and spectroscopic characterizations reveals that -OH groups capture Zn2+ clusters from the bulk electrolyte and then -F groups repulse coordinated H2O molecules in the solvation shell to achieve the tandem ion reduction process. The resultant symmetric batteries exhibit reversible cycles over 8000 and 2000 h under high current densities of 4 and 10 mA cm-2, respectively. The feasibility of the tandem chemistry is further evidenced in both Zn//VO2 and Zn//I2 batteries, and it might be universal to other aqueous metal-ion batteries.

Design, Characterization, and Bioanalytical Applications of Green Terbium- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as a Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Omadacycline Analysis.

Terbium- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (Tb,N@CQDs) were greenly created employing microwave synthesis from plum juice with terbium nitrate. The synthesis of Tb,N@CQDs was fast (7 min) with a high quantum yield (35.44%). Tb,N@CQDs were fully characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Zeta potential analysis, fluorescence, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Omadacycline (OMC) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline that has been recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Act (FDA) in October 2018. OMC is the first oral aminomethylcycline class antibiotic drug that was authorized for the treatment of acute skin structure infections and community-acquired pneumonia. Tb,N@CQDs exhibited emission at 440 nm after excitation at 360 nm, where their fluorescence intensity showed a reduction upon addition of OMC. The experimental parameters were further studied and optimized. The linear range was between 40 and 60 parts per billion (ppb), with (limit of quantitation) equal to 34.78 ppb. The proposed approach was validated for bioanalytical purposes using FDA guidelines and proved to be straightforward, cheap, highly sensitive, and very selective, which can be used in clinical studies. The developed approach proved to be green using some current assessment metrics and was applied successfully for the determination of OMC in human plasma, milk, and pharmaceutical formulations as well as pharmacokinetic study.

Exploring the chondroitin sulfate nanogel's potential in combating nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin and doxorubicin-An in-vivo study on rats.

In this study, we aim to unveil the potential of itaconyl chondroitin sulfate nanogel (ICSNG) in tackling chronic kidney diseases triggered by the administration of CDDP and doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR). To that end, the new drug delivery system (ICSNG) was initially prepared, characterized, and loaded with the target drugs. Thereafter, the in-vivo studies were performed using five equally divided groups of 100 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Biochemical evaluation and immunohistochemistry studies have revealed the renal toxicity and the ameliorative effects of ICSNG on renal function. When ICSNG-based treatments were contrasted with the CDDP and ADR infected groups, they significantly increased paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and albumin activity and significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), creatinine, urea, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity (p < 0.001). The findings of the current study imply that ICSNG may be able to lessen renal inflammation and damage in chronic kidney disorders brought on by the administration of CDDP and ADR. Interestingly, according to the estimated selectivity indices, the ICSNG-encapsulated drugs have demonstrated superior selectivity for cancer MCF-7 cells, over healthy HSF cells, in comparison to the bare drugs.

Development of oral formulation of Lepidium seeds significantly decreases the high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats: in vitro formulation and in vivo antidiabetic performance.

BACKGROUND: Lepidium sativum, Garden Cress (GC), seeds have a lot of natural molecules with a pronounced activity against different disorders. It was reported that GC seeds have the ability to lower the blood glucose level. AIM: The aim of this work was to formulate GC seeds into oral tablets containing a fixed dose of the grounded seeds. Furthermore, the anti-diabetic performance of the prepared tablets was studied in the streptozotocin rats' model in comparison with positive control metformin. METHODS: Micrometrics of GC grounded seeds with different excipients were investigated. Then, GC tablets were prepared via direct compression technique. GC tablets were characterized for their uniformity of dosage unit, friability, hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro release. The antidiabetic effect was studied in rats for a period of 28 days. Glycosylated hemoglobin, liver performance, and lipid levels include total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were also estimated. In addition, histopathological study of liver and pancreas was also performed. RESULTS: Prosolv®EasyTab produced tablets with higher hardness, lower disintegration time, and fast release. GC tablets significantly lower the elevated blood glucose level. In addition, they have antihyperlipidemic activity, hepatocellular protective role and restore the histology of the liver and pancreas. CONCLUSION: GC tablets could be a promising alternative formulation to control the high blood glucose level in diabetic rats rather than chemically derivatized drugs.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and refusal vary across countries and among different socio-demographic groups. This study investigates hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccine and the associated factors in the rural-community-dominated Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire was conducted from February to April 2021 to investigate the extent of vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccine and the associated factors in the Jazan region. A Chi-squared test and post hoc analysis were conducted to analyze the statistical significance of the association between variables. Of the 569 participants who completed the online questionnaire, the majority were males (81.5%) and had a university education (72.6%). Of the participants, more than one-third (36.9%) were hesitant to vaccinate. Concern about adverse side effects following vaccination was the most reported reason for vaccine hesitancy (42.6%), followed by beliefs that the vaccine was unsafe or ineffective (15.5%). The data analysis revealed that people who lived in cities in Jazan Province or those who did not have a family history of COVID-19 infection were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. It is more important than ever to develop and implement community-based strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, especially in rural areas.

Total joint replacement in ambulatory surgery.

Total joint arthroplasty is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the United States, and projected numbers are expected to double in the next ten years. From 2018 to 2020, total hip and knee arthroplasty were removed from the United States' Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services "inpatient-only" list, accelerating this migration to the ambulatory setting. Appropriate patient selection, including age, body mass index, comorbidities, and adequate social support, is critical for successful ambulatory total joint arthroplasty. General anesthesia and neuraxial anesthesia are both safe and effective anesthetic choices, and recent studies in this population have found no difference in outcomes. Multimodal analgesia, including acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local infiltration analgesia, and peripheral nerve blocks, is the foundation for adequate pain control. Common reasons for "failure to launch" include postoperative urinary retention, postoperative nausea and vomiting, inadequate analgesia, and hypotension.

Reviving Zn0 Dendrites to Electroactive Zn2+ by Mesoporous MXene with Active Edge Sites.

Zinc metal-based aqueous batteries (ZABs) offer a sustainable, affordable, and safe energy storage alternative to lithium, yet inevitable dendrite formation impedes their wide use, especially under long-term and high-rate cycles. How the battery can survive after dendrite formation remains an open question. Here, we pivot from conventional Zn dendrite growth suppression strategies, introducing proactive dendrite-digesting chemistry via a mesoporous Ti3C2 MXene (MesoTi3C2)-wrapped polypropylene separator. Spectroscopic characterizations and electrochemical evaluation demonstrate that MesoTi3C2, acting as an oxidant, can revive the formed dead Zn0 dendrites into electroactive Zn2+ ions through a spontaneous redox process. Density functional theory reveals that the abundant edge-Ti-O sites in our MesoTi3C2 facilitate high oxidizability and electron transfer from Zn0 dendrites compared to their in-plane counterparts. The resultant asymmetrical cell demonstrates remarkable ultralong cycle life of 2200 h at a practical current of 5 mA cm-2 with a low overpotential (<50 mV). The study reveals the unexpected edge effect of mesoporous MXenes and uncovers a new proactive dendrite-digesting chemistry to survive ZABs, albeit with inevitable dendrite formation.

Self-assembled monolayer-based blue perovskite LEDs.

Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of more than 10%; however, devices that emit in the true blue-those that accord with the emission wavelength required for Rec. 2100 primary blue-have so far been limited to EQEs of ~6%. We focused here on true blue emitting CsPbBr3 colloidal nanocrystals (c-NCs), finding in early studies that they suffer from a high charge injection barrier, a problem exacerbated in films containing multiple layers of nanocrystals. We introduce a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) active layer that improves charge injection. We identified a bifunctional capping ligand that simultaneously enables the self-assembly of CsPbBr3 c-NCs while passivating surface traps. We report, as a result, SAM-based LEDs exhibit a champion EQE of ~12% [CIE of (0.132, 0.069) at 4.0 V with a luminance of 11 cd/m2], and 10-fold-enhanced operating stability relative to the best previously reported Rec. 2100-blue perovskite LEDs.

Formation of Iodide-Rich Domains During Halide Segregation in Lead-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

Mixed iodide-bromide methylammonium lead perovskite (MAPbIxBr3-x) nanocrystals (NCs) hold promise for use in light-emitting applications owing to the size- and composition-tunability of their bandgap. However, the segregation of halides during light exposure causes their band gaps to become unstable and narrow. Here, we use transient absorption spectroscopy to track excited-state dynamics during photoinduced halide segregation. The Auger recombination dynamics are observed to accelerate as the bandgap narrows, suggesting enhanced electron-hole overlap. We simulate the motion of iodide within the NC and estimate the evolving bandgap and electron-hole overlap during two possible mechanisms of halide segregation. Our results support a segregation mechanism in which iodide anions form a domain within the NC, rather than a mechanism in which iodide anions independently segregate toward the NC surface. Such mechanistic insight will contribute to future NC bandgap stabilization strategies.

Association Between Risk for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Among Faculty Members and Administrative Staff of a Saudi University.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus prevalence continues to rise globally, causing disability and decreased productivity among patients, a significant strain on healthcare systems, and a burden on national economies. In 2021, diabetes will affect approximately 537 million adults. The rising prevalence of prediabetes worldwide also poses a significant public health threat, as it is estimated that by 2030, more than 470 million individuals will be prediabetic. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association between the risk of prediabetes and the level of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevention among faculty members and administrative staff of a Saudi university. METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study design was utilized. The prediabetes risk of respondents was assessed using a risk test developed by the CDC, while the participants' diabetes prevention practices were determined using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Data were collected from 360 selected faculty members and administrative staff of three randomly selected health colleges and three non-health colleges at King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, between September 25 and October 13, 2022. The collected data were subjected to estimation of proportion and logistic regression analyses using Epi InfoTM version 7. RESULTS: Nearly 40% of respondents (39.72%, 95% CI: 34.80, 44.86) were found to be at high risk for prediabetes. The majority of university faculty and administrative staff consistently practiced T2DM preventive measures related to the limitation of processed food consumption, smoking cessation, and regular checking of weight and the nutritional value of food. However, there was poor T2DM prevention practice in terms of exercise, consumption of sweetened beverages, and stress reduction. Those who had a high prediabetes risk were 1.17 times more likely to engage in T2DM prevention practices. However, they were found to be 19% less likely to perform T2DM prevention practices when sociodemographic variables were held constant. CONCLUSION: Prediabetes risk was prevalent among Saudi university faculty and administrative staff. T2DM prevention was not consistently practiced by those who had a high risk for prediabetes. High prediabetes risk was negatively associated with the level of T2DM prevention.

Development of cysteine-doped MnO2 quantum dots for spectrofluorimetric estimation of copper: applications in different matrices.

Copper (Cu) plays a role in maintaining healthy nerve cells and the immune system. Osteoporosis is a high-risk factor for Cu deficiency. In the proposed research, unique green, fluorescent cysteine-doped MnO2 quantum dots (Cys@MnO2 QDs) were synthesized and assessed for the determination of Cu in different food and hair samples. The developed quantum dots were synthesized with the help of cysteine using a straightforward ultrasonic approach to create 3D fluorescent Cys@MnO2 QDs. The resulting QDs' morphological and optical characteristics were carefully characterized. By adding Cu ions, the intensity of fluorescence for the produced Cys@MnO2 QDs was found to be dramatically reduced. Additionally, the applicability of Cys@MnO2 QDs as a new luminous nanoprobe was found to be strengthened by the quenching effect grounded on the Cu-S bonding. The concentrations of Cu2+ ions were estimated within the range of 0.06 to 7.00 µg mL-1, with limit of quantitation equal to 33.33 ng mL-1 and detection limit equal to 10.97 ng mL-1. The Cys@MnO2 QD technique was applied successfully for the quantification of Cu in a variety of foods, including chicken meat, turkey, and tinned fish, as well as in human hair samples. The chance that this novel technique could be a useful tool for figuring out the amount of cysteine in bio-samples is increased by the sensing system's remarkable advantages, which include being rapid, simple, and economical.

Molecular-Additive-Assisted Tellurium Homogenization in ZnSeTe Quantum Dots.

Addition of aqueous hydrohalic acids during the synthesis of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is widely employed to achieve high-quality QDs. However, this reliance on the use of aqueous solutions is incompatible with oxygen- and water-sensitive precursors such as those used in the synthesis of Te-alloyed ZnSe QDs. Herein, it is shown that this incompatibility leads to phase segregation into Te-rich and Te-poor regions, causing spectral broadening and luminescence peak shifting under high laser irradiation and applied electrical bias. Here, a synthetic strategy to produce anhydrous-HF in situ by using benzenecarbonyl fluoride (BF) as a chemical additive is reported. Through in situ 19 F NMR spectroscopy, it is found that BF reacts with surfactants in tandem, ultimately producing intermediary F···H···trioctylamine adducts. These act as a pseudo-HF source that releases anhydrous HF. The controlled release of HF during nucleation and growth steps homogenizes Te distribution in ZnSeTe lattice, leading to spectrally stable blue-emitting QDs under increasing laser flux from ≈3 µW to ≈12 mW and applied bias from 2.6 to 10 V. Single-dot photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and analyses of the absorption, PL and transient absorption spectra together with density functional theory point to the role of anhydrous HF as a Te homogenizer.

Applicability of fluorescamine as a fluorogenic reagent for highly sensitive fluorimetric analysis of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (avapritinib) in pharmaceuticals and biological samples.

Avapritinib (AVP) was the first precision drug to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020 for patients suffering from metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and progressive systemic mastocytosis. The analysis of AVP in pharmaceutical tablets and human plasma was then carried out using a fast, efficient, sensitive, and simple fluorimetric method using a fluorescamine reagent. The procedure is based on the interaction between fluorescamine as a fluorogenic reagent and the primary aliphatic amine moiety in AVP using borate buffer solution at pH 8.8. The produced fluorescence was measured at 465 nm (Excitation at 395 nm). The calibration graph's linearity range was discovered to be 45.00-500.0 ng mL-1 . Utilizing the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) and US-FDA recommendations, the research technique was validated and bioanalytically validated. The proposed approach was effectively employed for determining the stated pharmaceuticals in plasma with a high percentage of recovery ranging from 96.87 to 98.09 and pharmaceutical formulations with a percentage of recovery equal to 102.11% ± 1.05%. In addition, the study was extended to a pharmacokinetic study of AVP with 20 human volunteers as a step for AVP management in therapeutic cancer centers.

Alginate-chitosan-microencapsulated tyrosols/oleuropein-rich olive mill waste extract for lipopolysaccharide-induced skin fibroblast inflammation treatment.

The Ca2+ ion-driven emulsification-ionotropic gelation method produced chitosan-alginate microspheres (CAMSs) with a narrow particle size distribution (PSD). Particle size distribution and zeta potential studies, as well as spectral electron microscopy, were used to assess the microspheres' physicochemical properties and morphology. The tyrosols (hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TY), and oleuropein (OE) were loaded into these microspheres using a polyphenol extract (PPE) from Koroneki olive mill waste (KOMW). The microencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of microspheres for PPE were 98.8% and 3.9%, respectively. Three simulated fluids, including gastric (pH = 1.2), intestinal (pH = 6.8), and colonic (pH = 7.4), were used to examine how the pH of the releasing medium affected the ability of CAMSs to release bioactive phenols. At a severely acidic pH (1.2, SGF), PPE release is nearly halted, while at pH 6.8 (SCF), release is at its maximum. Additionally, the PPE-CAMPs have ameliorated the endogenous antioxidant content SOD, GST, GPx with significant values from 0.05 to 0.01 in the treated LPS/human skin fibroblast cells. The anti-inflammatory response was appeared through their attenuations activity for the released cytokines TNF-α, IL6, IL1ß, and IL 12 with levels significantly from 0.01 to 0.001. Microencapsulation of PPE by CAMPs significantly improved its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities.

Sequential Co-Passivation in InAs Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids Enables Efficient Near-Infrared Photodetectors.

III-V colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for optoelectronic applications, for they avoid heavy metals while achieving absorption spanning the visible to the infrared (IR). However, the covalent nature of III-V CQDs requires the development of new passivation strategies to fabricate conductive CQD solids for optoelectronics: this work shows herein that ligand exchanges, previously developed in II-VI and IV-VI quantum dots and employing a single ligand, do not fully passivate CQDs, and that this curtails device efficiency. Guided by density functional theory (DFT) simulations, this work develops a co-passivation strategy to fabricate indium arsenide CQD photodetectors, an approach that employs the combination of X-type methyl ammonium acetate (MaAc) and Z-type ligands InBr3 . This approach maintains charge carrier mobility and improves passivation, seen in a 25% decrease in Stokes shift, a fourfold reduction in the rate of first-exciton absorption linewidth broadening over time-under-stress, and leads to a doubling in photoluminescence (PL) lifetime. The resulting devices show 37% external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 950 nm, the highest value reported for InAs CQD photodetectors.

Facile decoration of one-pot fluorescence probe-patterned reaction for sensing and ultrasensitive determination of tradjenta, a new type 2 diabetes oral therapy.

Type 2 diabetes can be cured by using tradjenta (also known as Linagliptin), a new therapeutic drug that is an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. Tradjenta is administered orally alone or in combination with metiguanide or empagliflozin. An easy and specific fluorimetric analysis of Tradjenta was developed and demonstrated in the present investigation. The Hantzsch reaction method, which generates a fluorescent dihydropyridine derivative, is the basis of this assay. In a Toerell-Stenhagen buffered solution, the unsubstituted amine group of Tradjenta interacted with 2,4-Pentadione/Oxomethane. Spectrofluorimetry was utilized for this investigation at an excitation/emission wavelength of 421/480 nm. When comparing the Tradjenta concentration to the tracked fluorimetric signal, the method revealed linearity over the concentration range of 0.05 to 1.2 µg/mL. By strictly altering system parameters and analyzing the validation factors following International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) requirements, the outcomes were achieved. Finally, the proposed approach was successfully applied to assay the drug not only in its raw form and prescribed formulations but also to evaluate the tablet's uniformity of content.

Comparison of the ameliorative roles of crab chitosan nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells against cisplatin-triggered nephrotoxicity.

AIM: In the present investigation, we compared the effects of mesenchymal stem cells extracted from bone marrow (BMSCs) and crab chitosan nanoparticles (CCNPs) on renal fibrosis in cisplatin (CDDP)-induced kidney injury rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 90 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two equal groups and alienated. Group I was set into three subgroups: the control subgroup, the CDDP-infected subgroup (acute kidney injury), and the CCNPs-treated subgroup. Group II was also divided into three subgroups: the control subgroup, the CDDP-infected subgroup (chronic kidney disease), and the BMSCs-treated subgroup. Through biochemical analysis and immunohistochemical research, the protective effects of CCNPs and BMSCs on renal function have been identified. RESULTS: CCNPs and BMSC treatment resulted in a substantial rise in GSH and albumin and a decrease in KIM-1, MDA, creatinine, urea, and caspase-3 when compared to the infected groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the current research, chitosan nanoparticles and BMSCs may be able to reduce renal fibrosis in acute and chronic kidney diseases caused by CDDP administration, with more improvement of kidney damage resembling normal cells after CCNPs administration.